Biology Essay Topics That Will Get You Into High School

Biology Essay Topics That Will Get You Into High SchoolBiology essays are one of the most popular college writing assignments in recent years. The word 'essay' is an awkward sounding term, but it has come to mean a high quality essay on an interesting topic that you can express in less than three hundred words. If you have a passion for biology and write well, your biology essay will be fascinating and enjoyable for everyone who reads it.It is important to choose your biology essay topics carefully. The topic of your paper should be something that has relevance to your science background. A lot of topics in school are chosen because they appeal to students as subjects, but the topic should be what you would do if you were a scientist. Your topic must also be something that is relevant to your life or career. It can also be something that is completely different from any other topic in the course.If you have many interests, think about how many you have. For example, if you love music , you could write about music and the history of music. However, if you want to write a more general science paper, you may not be able to find any topic that fits. Your essay topics should be broad enough to cover your interests, but also specific enough to make the information pertinent to your life and career. Writing a very narrow topic can make your paper feel rushed. It could also be confusing.Because your biology essay topics are so important, you will probably be asked to complete them all before the deadline. Keep a list of the essay topics that you plan to use and work on those first. Many students do not realize that they have to do the final version of their assignment before the deadline is due. There is no sense in finishing an essay if you are not going to give it a chance to be reviewed and edited properly by a group of professional writers.Writing an essay isnot just about using words, but it is also about using words in an interesting way to make a great essay topi c stand out. If you make it easy for the reader to understand what you are trying to say, they will always remember your essay more. Research is also very important to having a good biology essay.You may wish to write some sample essay topics before you start working on your paper. Your job as a professional writer is to write science essays that will meet the standards set by editors. Editors will check the content of your paper, but they will also look at your research and writing style. A high quality biology essay is not about just using your own personal knowledge of the subject. It should also have a nice balance between factual information and creative storytelling. A good essay should appeal to a wide audience, and in order to achieve this, you need to keep your topic unique and interesting.Make sure that your biology essay topics are thought out and offer great writing techniques. There is no point in writing a paper if it is not up to standard. Be as professional as possib le when you are writing a biology essay, and enjoy the process of submitting your essay. Your reputation as a science writer and a professional writer can be greatly enhanced by the quality of your essay writing.

Victim Of Rape - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2669 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? In times gone by, the offence of rape was defined as the carnal knowledge of a woman forcibly and against her will.1 The offence was initially silent on the issue of mens rea and it was not until DPP v Morgan2 that its inclusion and the effect that this had on mistakes about consent was established. The House of Lords held that a trust in consent, even if irrational, would go against mens rea provided that the trust was honest. Although subject to a measure of criticism, such as that it represented a rapists charter,3 this is still the approach to the offence in the common law jurisdictions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Victim Of Rape" essay for you Create order Rape requires evidence of the physical essentials of penetration without consent and also the mental aspect that the offender not only intended to penetrate but knew the victim was not consenting or was careless as to whether the victim was consenting.4 carelessness is generally understood subjectively to mean that the offender was conscious that it was probable that the victim was not consenting but continued in any case.5 The requirements of force and lack of will were replaced by the perception of consent in the mid 19th century. The turning point was the case of R v Camplin,6 where a woman was penetrated after being made drunk by the accused. Faced with no indication of force against the victim, the House of Lords decided that there could be rape if the penetration took place without the consent and against the will of the victim. In focusing on consent rather than force it has been argued that the offence does not capture the real nature of rape.7 Feminists have articulated s everal apprehensions about whether the focus on consent sufficiently protects women.8 Firstly, an objectionable consequence of making the consent of the victim the central question has been that criminal trials tend to focus on the conduct and sexual history of the victim rather than on the conduct of the accused.9 A second criticism is that the everyday use of the term consent does not satisfactorily distinguish between cases in which the victim submits out of fear and cases in which she is prepared to engage in sexual intercourse.10 Finally, it has been argued that the theory of consent cannot be determined reasonably while jurors and judges rely on their predictable views about sexual roles in their assessment of consent such as, put bluntly, yes means no; that women fantasize about being raped; or that women could resist if they really wanted to.11 The existing situation where there is no statutory definition of consent to any sexual act which might otherwise be a crime is far from perfect, leading to a lack of lucidity for the complainant, the accused and the Jury. The positive impact of a lucid definition should also be felt outside the courtroom, preventing at least some acts of sexual violence. It would seem best that an alternative expanded and more inclusive definition of consent should have as its primary focus the conduct of the accused rather than that of the complainant, as far as possible, with the aim of avoiding protracted, hostile and thorough cross-examination of the complainant on matters which are often of doubtful bearing to any real issues in the case. Of course, fairness to the accused is a crucial principle. However, no less imperative is the framing of the law to avoid unnecessary distress of survivors of sexual violence by cross examination, as there can be no doubt that fear of such a torment operates to increase the erosion rate. Now it is time to enact a new expanded comprehensive definition of consent which incorporates the benefits and avoids some pitfalls of the definition used in the UK Sexual Offences Act 2003 12. Some legal experts have identified, that the UK definition does not give any guidance as to whether the complainant must communicate consent by words or action 13. However, it appears from the subsequent cases that the most important practical issue has been capacity. The England and Wales legislation does not contain any definition of capacity itself, and its list of situations where there is presumed to be no consent, at sections 75 and 76 of the SOA 2003, does not expressly include the situation where there is no capacity to consent because of self-induced intoxication of the complainant which falls short of unconsciousness. It is fair to say that the UK Government examined this gap in the law in the light of the decision of the Court of Appeal in R v Bree [2007] EWCA 256, in which the Court interpreted the capacity to consent as something which may evaporate well before a compl ainant becomes unconscious, and explained that if, through drink (or for any other reason) the complainant has temporarily lost her capacity to choose whether to have intercourse on the relevant occasion, she is not consentingÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. However, the Court also made clear that the complainant may still retain the capacity to consent (or not) even if she has had quite a lot to drink, which means that essentially each case will turn on its own facts. The UK Government decided not to change the law following this decision. It would seem best, given that this is a situation which arises very often, and which gives rise to misuse, that a broad definition of consent should include provision for the circumstances where the complainants consent is compromised by her voluntary intoxication. After all, the drink driving laws presume that after consumption of a very modest quantity of alcohol, our capacity to control a car safely is seriously affected. Of course, th is would mean that the behavior of the complainant would still be under inquiry. Some guidance as to what ought to be incorporated in such an extended definition will be found at Sections 75 of the UK SOA 2003 (evidential presumptions about consent) and Section 76 ibid. (conclusive presumptions about consent), which taken jointly provide a list of situations in which the deficiency of consent may be assumed, and except for the two rare situations contained in Section 76, further provide that it is open to the accused to bring in sufficient evidence to show that there is an issue as to whether the complainant consented, in relation to the particular state of affairs. This list of situations does NOT cover the situation where the complainants capacity to consent is impaired by self-induced intoxication, but he/she is not asleep or otherwise unconscious 14. Allowing sexual activity does not amount to consent in some situation like when she does not protest and/or offer physica l resistance to the activity or if the activity takes place while she is asleep or is unconscious. Similar situation may occur when she is affected by drugs or alcohol to such an extent that she is in no position to consent or refuse. It is not relevant whether or not she took the drug or alcohol voluntarily or involuntarily. Another condition could be when the person is so affected by a mental or physical condition or impairment that she is in no position to consent or to refuse consent. Similarly, it is not consent to sexual activity if she allows it because she is mistaken about the persons identity or she is mistaken about the nature and quality of the activity. A consent expressed by another person on behalf of the complainant cannot be considered a valid consent or if another person in a position of power, trust or authority incites her to engage in that activity. A complainant cannot express her consent by a lack of agreement to engage in that activity or having first cons ented, she expresses by words or conduct a lack of agreement to continue to engage in such activity. The Sexual Offences Act 2003 and thereafter Demand for change of Law The Government has already made a number of changes to the law on rape and the way the police and Crown Prosecution Service work on these cases. These changes include strengthening the law on rape through the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and developing a network of sexual assault referral centres that provide specialised, dedicated help and support to victims. The pioneer support for a change came from non-government groups and victim and survivor support groups, whilst members of the judiciary and legal profession were less persuaded of the need for change. Moreover, around a third of the respondents who believed that the law should be changed favored a further evidential presumption to cover intoxication by drink and drugs, often citing the recommendation that was made in the report to Home Offices review of the law on sexual offences, Setting the Boundaries, which proposed an evidential presumption that read: Where a person asleep, unconscious or too affected by alcohol or drugs to give free agreement. A number of respondents, particularly victim and survivor organizations, further argued that the law as it currently existed was inherently contradictory on the subject of intoxication. The respondents argued that where intoxication fell short of unconsciousness and was therefore covered by section 75(d) of the Sexual Offences Act 2003, it was both presumed and not presumed to invalidate consent depending on whether the intoxicating substance was administered surreptitiously or consumed voluntarily. It was suggested that the distinction between those intoxicated having had their drink spiked (or been drugged in some other way) and those intoxicated apparently of their own volition was not as clear cut as the legislation allowed for. There were cases in which offenders deliberately facilitated the intoxication of vulnerable victims in order to commit an offence. One example was where an uncle facilitated the intoxication of a younger niece in order to commi t a sexual offence. Even in situations where the offender had not been responsible for inducing intoxication there was a risk that some men can seek to take advantage of the fact that women are drunk and therefore have less capacity to resist pressure or coercion. Consequently, it was argued that the law should be changed so that it made no distinction between voluntary and involuntary intoxication if the ultimate effect was a lack of capacity to consent. The proceedings in the case of R v Dougal 15 were widely cited as an example of the difficulties caused in applying the current law to cases involving voluntary intoxication and as an argument in favour of adopting a change in the legislation. This case collapsed when the prosecuting counsel took the view that the prosecution were unable to prove that the complainant, because of her level of intoxication, had not given consent and informed the judge that he did not propose to proceed further. The judge agreed and directed the ju ry to enter a not guilty verdict. It was argued, that the case should have been proceeded with and the issue of the victims capacity to consent put to the jury. It was argued that a change in the law would allow a similar case to proceed in the future and would provide assistance to the jury in considering the issue of consent. While the relationship between capacity and intoxication was the most prominent issue, responses from police and prosecution representatives and childrens organizations identified other factors that should be taken into account when considering an individuals capacity to consent. These included mental health, domestic violence and the exploitation of victims made vulnerable by their circumstances, for example sex workers. There were differing opinions on whether a change in the law would be necessary to allow the effects of such factors to be considered in relation to consent. Organizations with a specific interest in children supported a change to the law which would take account of the particular vulnerability of children and the circumstances in which they can be exploited in order to commit sex offences. It was noted that alcohol can often be used by offenders to make it easier to commit an offence. However, it was also pointed out that alcohol is frequently consumed voluntarily by teenagers before engaging in consensual sex and that it was important that intoxication should not be the only factor taken into account when considering the capacity of those under 16 to consent as this could lead to inappropriate prosecutions. The opinion that the law did not need to be changed was most commonly held by members of the legal profession, the judiciary and law enforcement agencies. Some argued that the law had only been in force for a relatively brief period and that any meaningful assessment of the Acts provisions was therefore premature. Continual change, others argued, rather than bringing clarity, would only serve to cause furthe r confusion. Opponents of change argued, it would be wrong to seek to change the legislation simply because of the outcome of the case of R v Dougal. They took the view that the Sexual Offences Act 2003 had provided a welcome modification to the law on consent, which had improved the law because juries were now required to consider what steps the accused had taken to establish whether or not the complainant genuinely consented. Although there may now be a focus less on whether or not consent was given but rather on whether the complainant had the capacity to give consent, this did not challenge the adequacy of the law as it was currently framed. Those who did not consider that the law needed changing argued that it was already the case that a jury could ask themselves whether the complainant was in a fit state to give free and informed consent, especially if they had been drinking heavily. It was suggested by judicial respondents that R v Dougal had been an exceptional case and that in most similar cases juries have been properly directed that lack of capacity includes incapacity through excessive consumption of alcohol or drugs. There was concern for the broader implications of a change in the law. It was suggested that establishing a link between intoxication and a capacity to consent could result in, and according to some should entitle, a defendant to argue that he was too drunk to assess whether consent had been given. It was also argued that the effect of intoxication on a persons ability to make decisions could not be used as a defence to other offences, for example assault, and so should not be relevant to the capacity to consent in rape cases. However, it was also argued that these two situations were not analogous because victims were not on trial. Section 74 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 refers to freedom and capacity and argued that there was a distinction between these two concepts. It was argued that capacity to consent was relevant to ch ildren and individuals with mental disorders impeding choice but not to adults who had become intoxicated. It was suggested that equating adults with children in this way was a step backwards. Should there be a statutory definition of capacity This change in law by way of inclusion of a definition of capacity would bring a clarity to proceedings and ensure that juries would consider the complainants circumstances, including any effect that alcohol or other substances may have had on their ability and freedom to choose. Advocates of this definition consider that it is clear and easy to understand and would cover the circumstances where a complainant was so drunk but not unconscious as to not know what was happening or unable to say no. A number of those who supported a further evidential presumption based on alcohol consumption suggested that this might be the statutory definition of capacity that was needed. Most commonly, the evidential presumption that was proposed was the one that appeared in Setting the Boundaries. Such an evidential presumption, it was argued would allow the case to be put to the jury, even where the complainant could not remember whether she consented or not. It would, of course, remain open t o the defendant to say that the complainant did indeed consent and for the jury to believe him or, at least, give him the benefit of the doubt.

A Profile of the Bonnethead Shark

The bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo), also known as the bonnet shark, bonnet nose shark, and shovelhead shark is one of nine species of hammerhead sharks. These sharks all have a unique hammer or shovel-shaped heads. The bonnethead has a shovel-shaped head with a smooth edge. The head shape of the bonnethead may help it more easily find prey. A 2009 study found that bonnethead sharks have a nearly 360-degree vision and excellent depth perception. These are social sharks that are most often found in groups numbering from 3 up to 15 sharks. More About the Bonnethead Shark Bonnethead sharks are about 2 feet long on average and grow to a maximum length of about 5 feet. Females typically are larger than males. Bonnetheads have a grayish-brown or gray back that often has dark spots and a white underside. These sharks need to swim continuously to supply fresh oxygen to their gills. Classifying the Bonnethead Shark The following is the scientific classification of the bonnethead shark: Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ElasmobranchiiSubclass: NeoselachiiInfraclass: SelachiiSuperorder: GaleomorphiOrder: CarcharhiniformesFamily: SphyrnidaeGenus: SphyrnaSpecies: tiburo Habitat and Distribution Bonnethead sharks are found in subtropical waters in the Western Atlantic Ocean from South Carolina to Brazil, in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico and in the Eastern Pacific Ocean from southern California to Ecuador. They live in shallow bays and estuaries. Bonnethead sharks prefer water temperatures over 70  F and make seasonal migrations to warmer waters during the winter months. During these trips, they may travel in large groups of thousands of sharks. As an example of their travels, in the U.S. they are found off the Carolinas and Georgia in the summer, and further south off Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico during the spring, fall and winter. How the Sharks Feed Bonnethead sharks eat primarily crustaceans (especially blue crabs), but will also eat small fish, bivalves, and cephalopods. Bonnetheads feed mostly in the daytime. They swim slowly toward their prey, and then quickly attack the prey, and crush it with their teeth. These sharks have a unique two-phase jaw closing. Instead of biting their prey and stopping once their jaw is closed, bonnetheads continue to bite their prey during their second phase of jaw closing. This increases their ability to specialize in hard prey, like crabs. After their prey is crushed, it is suctioned into the sharks esophagus. Shark Reproduction Bonnethead sharks are found in groups organized by gender as spawning season approaches. These sharks are viviparous... meaning that they give birth to live young in shallow waters after a 4- to 5-month gestation period, which is the shortest known for all sharks. The embryos are nourished by a yolk sac placenta (a yolk sac attached to the mothers uterine wall). During development inside the mother, the uterus becomes separated into compartments that house each embryo and its yolk sac. There are 4 to 16 pups born in each litter. The pups are about 1 foot long and weigh about half a pound when born. Shark Attacks Bonnethead sharks are considered harmless to humans. Conserving Sharks Bonnethead sharks are listed as least concern by the IUCN Red List, which says that they have one of highest population growth rates calculated for sharks and that despite fishing, the species is abundant. These sharks may be caught for display in aquariums and used for human consumption and for making fishmeal. References and Further Information Bester, Cathleen. Bonnethead. Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed July 4, 2012.Cortà ©s, E. 2005. Sphyrna tiburo. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. Accessed July 3, 2012.Carpenter, K.E. Sphyrna tiburo: Bonnethead. Accessed July 4, 2012.Compagno, L., Dando, M. and S. Fowler. 2005. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press.Krupa, D. 2002. Why the Hammerhead Sharks Head is In the Shape Its In. American Physiological Society. Accessed June 30, 2012.Viegas, J. 2009. Scalloped Hammerhead and Bonnethead Sharks have 360 Degree Vision. Accessed June 30, 2012.Wilga, C. D. and Motta, P. J. 2000. Durophagy in Sharks: Feeding Mechanics of the Hammerhead Sphyrna tiburo. The Journal of Experimental Biology 203, 2781–2796.

The Ethics Of The Nsa - 863 Words

Whistleblowing is when an employee or member of an organization discloses illegal, immoral or illegitimate practices of the organization to someone who is capable of taking action and impacting the situation (Near Miceli 1985). In June 2013, Edward Snowden blew the whistle on NSA’s extensive internet and phone surveillance activities that he felt were illegitimate. Snowden worked for the NSA through subcontractor Booz Allen Hamilton as a senior analyst, and during his time with the organization, he collected top-secret documents regarding NSA’s surveillance practices with the intention of disclosing them to the public. He then went to Hong Kong and disclosed those documents to the Guardian journalists. Soon after, newspapers began printing those documents detailing the widespread surveillance activities of the NSA through programs such as PRISM. It can be said that the people affected by this case include Snowden himself, the US/British government, NSA/ GCHQ, and all p eople in the world especially American citizens. One of the first leaked information by Snowden reported in the Guardian was that NSA was collecting the telephone records of millions of Americans through the telecommunications company Verizon who was given a secret court order to hand over all its data to the NSA on a daily basis (Greenwald 2013). According to the report (Greenwald 2013), the information handed over includes metadata such as the numbers of the phones, location, time and duration of calls,Show MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Nsa1574 Words   |  7 PagesOutline: Intro Hook: Thesis:Although comforting shell shocked citizens, current programs are becoming unnecessarily invasive, costly, and controversially uneffective. Body 1 Costly Break down numbers where tips usually come from Body 2 Invasive The NSA has so broad terms that pick up potential threats that writers are scared to research certain topics. Terms are ridiculous Results don’t add up Body 3 Uneffective Reiterate numbers Talk about lies by the director Body 4 Con: Numbers suggest effectivenessRead MoreEthics of Edward Snowden Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesMany people have always wondered what the word ethics mean. To me ethics is the feeling of right and wrong. Many people have their own way of defining ethics and but this is what ethics mean to me. Ethics to other people might mean following the laws and some may say ethics is determined by what society is believed is right and wrong. For example Edward Snowden, a 30 year old man was born in North Carolina in 1983 (Edward snowden.biography, 2013, para. 1). Edward Snowden was a security guardRead MoreComputer Ethics Term Paper : Security Vs. Privacy1518 Words   |  7 PagesJames Santana Computer Ethics Term Paper Security vs. Privacy Following the terrorist attacks on September of 2001, President George W. Bush signed into law The USA PATRIOT Act. Intended to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, The Patriot Act made changes to surveillance laws that enabled the U.S government to collect computer information about both American and foreign citizens in unprecedented ways. During the following years, through a series of legislative changes and court decisionsRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Involving Edward Snowden ´s Case1589 Words   |  6 Pagesagent. Similarly, this personal implication translates to the respect granted and deprived to society as a whole. An ethical issue can involve several constituents for example in Snowden’s case it involves Snowden himself, the National Security Agency (NSA), and the Nations citizens among many other constituents. Lastly, as an issue is the implications Snowden’s actions have towards the credibility of the United States as true democracy. Democracy being â€Å"an organization or situation in which everyoneRead MoreSecurity Vs. Privacy : Should Edward Snowden Be Pardoned For Leaking1277 Words   |  6 PagesSecurity vs. Privacy Should Edward Snowden be pardoned for leaking thousands of classified NSA documents? An analysis of the merits of the Snowden leaks and the broader issue of security vs. privacy and mass surveillance from the perspective of at least two ethical theories. Following the terrorist attacks on 911, President George W. Bush signed into law The USA PATRIOT Act. Intended to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, The Patriot Act the made changes to surveillance laws thatRead MoreEdward Snowden Kantian Ethics1885 Words   |  5 PagesKantian Ethics Edward Snowden the Ethical Issue In early 2013 a man by the name of Edward Joseph Snowden began leaking classified National Security Agency (NSA) documents to media outlets, which in turn ended up in public ears. These documents, mainly involving intelligence Snowden acquired while working as an NSA contractor, are mostly related to global surveillance programs run by the NSA. This has raised multiple ethical issues ranging from national security, information privacy and the ethics behindRead MoreThe Invasion Of Privacy And Concern For Safety1624 Words   |  7 Pagesinteraction with technology and security influence how people think about their own personal privacy and safety as well as our national security. Some central questions that are critical to how to analyze this growing problem are the following: What does the NSA really collect and how does that differ from what people believe that they collect? What is the significance of the FBI asking Apple to create a backdoor into their phones? How does the decisio n that Apple made alter how people view their privacy? WhatRead MoreEthics of Wiretapping1104 Words   |  5 PagesPatrick Hughes Philosophy 203 – Introduction to Ethics August 7, 2015 ETHICS OF WIRETAPPING Since the First World War, government has been known to use private companies to wiretap phone lines for information. The legal structures, established by the 1978 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), have defined a framework for legally securing a warrant for searches and tapping into phone lines of the American populace. Sometimes the government uses warrantlessRead MoreInformation Systems : Computer Ethics1525 Words   |  7 PagesBIS- 601 INFORMATION SYSTEMS COMPUTER ETHICS Submitted by Lakshmi Gajjarapu Student id: 665584 Global Id: gajja1l Email:gajja1l@cmich.edu INTRODUCTION: As the use of Computers have increased now-a-days with improvements in the technology which brings both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages comes with technological developments and disadvantages are like frauds happening using technology. These frauds using technology are called â€Å"Cyber-attacks† where intruders or hackersRead MoreCovert Monitoring Of Private Communications1424 Words   |  6 Pagesmeasure against future terrorist attacks. Among those new powers, included in Article 215, is the right to obtain business records, while imposing a gag order on the party holding those records. This law remains the foundation upon which the current NSA phone metadata collection campaign is operated. In October 2001, President Bush ordered the National Security Agency to commence covert monitoring of private communications through the nation s telephone companies without the requisite FISA warrants

Essay History Of The ECCE Sector In Ireland - 4049 Words

History of the ECCE sector in Ireland. Early care and education practice. 8th January 2015. Table of contents. Introduction. History of ECEC in Ireland. Free pre-school year programme. UN convention on the rights of the child (1989). Pre-school regulations. ECEC services currently available in Ireland. Occupations within the childcare sector. Childcare manager. A career plan. Challenges to achieving goals. Education and training needs. Bibliography. Introduction. In this assignment I will outline and discuss the Historical Development of the ECEC sector in Ireland. ECEC is the Early Childhood Education and Care division in Ireland. I will give a clear explanation of the rights of a child in the†¦show more content†¦Quality of provision was the key theme of the White Paper. In 2002 the Centre for Early Childhood Development and Education was established. CECDE aimed to achieve the goals set out in the ready to learn (1999). The organisation was disbanded in 2008, when it was seen by the government to have achieved everything it was set up to do. The Child Care (Pre-School) regulations were established in 2006. The regulations clearly list all the requirements that must be met by organisations or individuals providing ECEC services to children aged 0-6. Sà ­olta was established in 2006. The Sà ­olta framework was developed by CECDE in a process that took over three years and involved more than 50 different organisations representing childcare workers, teachers, parents, policymakers and researchers. Sà ­olta aims to define, asses and support the improvement of quality across all aspects of practice in ECEC settings that cater for children ages 0-6. Aistear was established in 2009. In 1999, the NCCA published the Primary School Curriculum, which did direct and regulate the curriculum followed in infant classes. In 2009, the NCCA published Aistear. The ultimate aim of Aistear is the development of the whole child. Free Pre-School Year Programme. In 2010, the Department of Children and Youth Affairs introduced the Free Pre-School Year in Early Childhood Care and Education Programme. Before this, it was only children in disadvantaged areasShow MoreRelatedHistory of the ECCE Sector in Ireland3332 Words   |  14 Pageshistorical development of the ECCE sector in Ireland up to and including the present day. * Historical development of the early childhood care and education * Current ECCE provision by the state * Health and welfare * Equal opportunity legislation * Outline maintaining a quality ECCE environment that complies with relevant regulations and standards Main body Historical development of the early childhood care and education In the last 20 years Ireland has had a dramatic changeRead MoreThe History and Development of the ECCE in Ireland2083 Words   |  9 PagesA, The History and development of the ECCE in Ireland The environments in which our youngest children live, grow and play have changed dramatically over the past century. For the best part of the twentieth century, young children were cared for in the family home and went to school sometime after the age of three. For much of that time, Irish society was largely agrarian based and children worked on the farm; work which had economic value to the family. Families were large, twice as large on average

I Survived Hurricane Katrina free essay sample

They decided that all they could do was turn around and go back home and brave the storm. The night of August 29, 2005 Barry Tucker and his family fell asleep for the night. The storm had already started and damage and flooding was happening. The very next morning Barry woke up in his living room and water was starting to flood the whole downstairs of his home. He woke up his dad and they ran upstairs to his mom and sister to wake them up. The water was already rising to the second level of there home. The family escaped up to the attic and in no time the water rose up there. His dad cut a whole in the roof and the family went on the roof. They all huddled together to keep safe from the 120 mph wind. Barry’s sister broke through the huddle and almost got flung off the roof. We will write a custom essay sample on I Survived Hurricane Katrina or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Barry grabbed her arm and pulled her back on the roof. Barry lost his footing and he got flown off. His life changed right before his eyes. The road was flooded so deep and it swooped him away. He went straight into a tree. He was able to climb up the to the very top of the tree and hung on for life. A while later a house was coming right towards him and he jumped just in time as it crashed against the tree. He climbed into the house, what was left of it, and heard a dog barking. He found the dog and they became the best of friends very fast. They both helped each other brave the storm.

Strategic Management A Case Study of Apple Inc.

Question: Describe the Case Study of Apple Inc. for Strategic Management . Answer: Introduction: The report is based on business strategy of Apple Inc. The aim of the report is to examine various aspects of business and the way an organization operates in the market. The company selected for the purpose is Apple Inc because it has a span of multiple business units and is one of the most successful companies worldwide. 1) Company Overview: Apple Inc incorporated in 1977 designs and manufactures mobiles, media services, personal computers and portable music players. Apple is the worlds largest information technology company in terms of revenue with total revenue of $233.715 (Apple.com, 2016). Apple deals with a variety of technological products, iPhone being the most successful product of the Company (Apple.com, 2016). As stated by Khan, Alam and Alam (2015), corporation is an organization that is engaged in mobilizing resources for productive purpose, to generate wealth and other benefits. It is intentionally aimed at not destroying wealth or increase risk and is done for its multiple users and stakeholders. Apple is a well established corporation in America, headquartered at California. It has 478 other Apple retail stores in 17 countries (Apple.com, 2016). Thompson et al. (2013) defined product folio as the distinction of different products that an organization has, based on its category, product line and finally its individuality. An organization has different sets of products but each product generates different productivity and thus, management of product portfolio is indeed important. Product portfolio of Apple includes iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple TV and software application iOS and OS X operating system. The iPhone and iPad are the most successful products of the company and fetch 56% of the total revenue (Apple.com, 2016). On the other hand, Apple TV is not a successful product. In the viewpoint of Vereecke and Wetzels (2014), service portfolio is the core repository for all information in an organization for all services. Each service of the organization is listed with its current and previous status, and the service design package design is the best descriptor of service portfolio. Moreover, the product of Apple has seen great evolutions. Last year, Apple came up with iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus and would release iPhone 7 within a short time (Apple.com, 2016). The design of their products is exclusive and happened to be the reason for service portfolio. 2) Corporate Research Reading Mouritsen (2016), business unit has been defined as a logical element or a segment of an organization including accounting, production or marketing that represents a specific business function and a definite place on the organizational chart under the domain of a manager of the organization. Tim Cook is the recent CEO of the company. The Company is well structured in terms of managing the accounts and marketing. Headquartered at California, the company does Global business with its business unit spread all over the Globe. Separate business units of Apple includes, technical unit, marketing unit, account and finance, product design and the most important research and development unit. Product and service lines have been defined by Krush, Sohi and Saini (2015), as a group of related products that is sold by the same company under a single brand name. Different products as mentioned include the most popular and successful iPhones, Apple TV, iPad, Mac book and others. The products are sold under the same name, Apple Inc. worldwide. Apple has huge market in United States, United Kingdom, China, Japan, India, Australia and others. 3) Corporation Revenue centre The amount of money that a Company actually receives in a specific duration of time after deductions and discounts occurred due to returned merchandise is termed as revenue of a particular organization (Gaiardelli et al. 2014). If the products are differentiated in terms of BCG matrix, it can be said that iPhones serves as the most successful product and is regarded as the star of the company that generates the most amount of revenue to the company. The iPad and Mac act as cash crops and can be improved to generate more revenues. The software like iOS and OS X are the cow and Apple TV can be considered as the dog that does not generate much revenue to the company. 4) External environment analysis Operating environment denotes the places where the organization operates and does its business (Picard 2014). In the age of globalization, every multinational company operates globally. However, there are certain external factors that affect the business of a company. Such factors include political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental condition of the particular region. PESTLE analysis of Apple Inc. Political The political situation of a country that affects the business or industry of the particular organization is the political factor (Rao 2014). Apple is one of most successful companies in America but the raw materials of the company are supplied from China. Therefore, political factors of China affect the business of the company. Economic This factor determines the economic performance of a country that affects the business of a company. Economic factors like increased labor cost and a strong exchange rate for US dollars makes it expensive for the company to sell product in international market. Socio-cultural Factors like cultural trends, demography and population analytics that affect the business of a company are the socio-cultural factors. Apples target consumers are the younger people (Selnes 2013). Todays consumers have a backlash towards stylish and expensive products. These factors increase the demand of innovative and exclusive products delivered by Apple. Technological The factors that pertain to innovation in technology and affect the operation of the industry are the technological factors. IOS is the operating system that happens to be the most superior form of operating system. Competitors like Google and Samsung shows the potential to compete with the technology of Apple. Legal The internal and external laws that affect the business environment of a country are the legal factors (Visnjic, Wiengarten and Neely 2016). Apple has recently entered a highly regulated sector, Apple Pay that has increased the legal regulation of the company. Environmental Factors like tourism, agriculture, climate and geographical location that affects the business of the organization falls under the environmental condition. Apple has been facing environmental issues regarding disposal of its lithium battery (Pivrinne and Lindahl 2016). 5) Source of sustainable competitive advantage Every company comes up with certain sustainable competitive strategies that help it to survive in the competitive globalized market. If the case of Apple Inc has to be analyzed, it can be said that its product differentiation and technological advancement has made its product sustainable in the competitive market. Although Apple products are very expensive, its premium pricing strategy happens to be one of the reasons of it being the number one company in mobile market. Four factors of sustainable competitive advantage that Apple has are: Effective supply chain management: As pointed out by Rao (2014), it is important to keep an effective supply chain for every organization for supply of raw materials and transportation of final goods to the expected buyers. Apple has its business spread all over the world. The Company has effectively managed its supply chain process. Online selling of products has been the most effective way of supply chain. Organizational responsiveness: It is very important to keep pace with the changing nature of the competitive environment. If technological factors are undertaken, it can be said that consumers look for innovative and advanced technological products in the market (Priyanka and Srinivasan 2015). With the changes in demand and increased technological advancement, Apple has been successful in meeting all the challenges and come up with latest and best product. Product differentiation and innovation: Making the product different from the existing products with innovative approach is one of the tools to increase sale of the product. Innovative techniques like iTune, live camera, Siri and many other concepts have made the product different and innovative from other smart phones (Pivrinne and Lindahl 2016). Cost leadership: Price of a product has always been an important factor to consider for a buyer. Therefore, keeping a check on the pricing strategy is equally important. Apple believes in premium pricing (Gaiardelli et al. 2014). This pricing technique has leaded the Company to achieve its business strategies. 6) Business level strategy Business strategies are the plans that an organization makes for its business. Apple believes in two main strategies, product innovation and premium pricing. All types of products that the company deals with are released into the market that supports the most advanced technology and have exclusive features that can compete with any other products available in the market (Mouritsen 2016). Recommendations for future strategic direction Pricing strategy: Price of the products of Apple is very high. It is recommended to reduce the price and frame a competitive pricing strategy. Software collaboration: Apples product does not support certain applications that are supported in android and windows phones. It is therefore, recommended to open up its patent to other smart phones. Conclusion The report has analyzed the various terms related to business strategy. Using Apple as the case study helped to gain better knowledge and understanding about the operation of an organization. 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